G.1 How to Start Emacs on MS-Windows

There are several ways of starting Emacs on MS-Windows:

1. From the desktop shortcut icon: either double-click the left mouse button on the icon, or click once, then press <RET>. The desktop shortcut should specify as its “Target” (in the “Properties” of the shortcut) the full absolute file name of runemacs.exe, not of emacs.exe. This is because runemacs.exe hides the console window that would have been created if the target of the shortcut were emacs.exe (which is a console program, as far as Windows is concerned). If you use this method, Emacs starts in the directory specified by the shortcut. To control where that is, right-click on the shortcut, select “Properties”, and in the “Shortcut” tab modify the “Start in” field to your liking.
2. From the Command Prompt window, by typing emacs <RET> at the prompt. The Command Prompt window where you did that will not be available for invoking other commands until Emacs exits. In this case, Emacs will start in the current directory of the Windows shell.
3. From the Command Prompt window, by typing runemacs <RET> at the prompt. The Command Prompt window where you did that will be immediately available for invoking other commands. In this case, Emacs will start in the current directory of the Windows shell.
4. Via the Emacs client program, emacsclient.exe or emacsclientw.exe. This allows to invoke Emacs from other programs, and to reuse a running Emacs process for serving editing jobs required by other programs. See Emacs Server. The difference between emacsclient.exe and emacsclientw.exe is that the former is a console program, while the latter is a Windows GUI program. Both programs wait for Emacs to signal that the editing job is finished, before they exit and return control to the program that invoked them. Which one of them to use in each case depends on the expectations of the program that needs editing services. If that program is itself a console (text-mode) program, you should use emacsclient.exe, so that any of its messages and prompts appear in the same command window as those of the invoking program. By contrast, if the invoking program is a GUI program, you will be better off using emacsclientw.exe, because emacsclient.exe will pop up a command window if it is invoked from a GUI program. A notable situation where you would want emacsclientw.exe is when you right-click on a file in the Windows Explorer and select “Open With” from the pop-up menu. Use the ‘--alternate-editor=’ or ‘-a’ options if Emacs might not be running (or not running as a server) when emacsclient is invoked—that will always give you an editor. When invoked via emacsclient, Emacs will start in the current directory of the program that invoked emacsclient.