23.5 Operating on Several Buffers

M-x buffer-menu

Begin editing a buffer listing all Emacs buffers.

M-x buffer-menu-other-window.

Similar, but do it in another window.

The buffer menu opened by C-x C-b (see List Buffers) does not merely list buffers. It also allows you to perform various operations on buffers, through an interface similar to Dired (see Dired). You can save buffers, kill them (here called deleting them, for consistency with Dired), or display them.

To use the buffer menu, type C-x C-b and switch to the window displaying the ‘*Buffer List*’ buffer. You can also type M-x buffer-menu to open the buffer menu in the selected window. Alternatively, the command M-x buffer-menu-other-window opens the buffer menu in another window, and selects that window.

The buffer menu is a read-only buffer, and can be changed only through the special commands described in this section. The usual Emacs cursor motion commands can be used in this buffer. The following commands apply to the buffer described on the current line:

d

Request to delete (kill) the buffer, then move down. The request shows as a ‘D’ on the line, before the buffer name. Requested deletions take place when you type the x command.

C-d

Like d but move up afterwards instead of down.

s

Request to save the buffer. The request shows as an ‘S’ on the line. Requested saves take place when you type the x command. You may request both saving and deletion for the same buffer.

x

Perform previously requested deletions and saves.

u

Remove any request made for the current line, and move down.

<DEL>

Move to previous line and remove any request made for that line.

The d, C-d, s and u commands to add or remove flags also move down (or up) one line. They accept a numeric argument as a repeat count.

These commands operate immediately on the buffer listed on the current line:

~

Mark the buffer “unmodified.” The command ~ does this immediately when you type it.

%

Toggle the buffer's read-only flag. The command % does this immediately when you type it.

t

Visit the buffer as a tags table. See Select Tags Table.

There are also commands to select another buffer or buffers:

q

Quit the buffer menu—immediately display the most recent formerly visible buffer in its place.

<RET>

f

Immediately select this line's buffer in place of the ‘*Buffer List*’ buffer.

o

Immediately select this line's buffer in another window as if by C-x 4 b, leaving ‘*Buffer List*’ visible.

C-o

Immediately display this line's buffer in another window, but don't select the window.

1

Immediately select this line's buffer in a full-screen window.

2

Immediately set up two windows, with this line's buffer selected in one, and the previously current buffer (aside from the buffer ‘*Buffer List*’) displayed in the other.

b

Bury the buffer listed on this line.

m

Mark this line's buffer to be displayed in another window if you exit with the v command. The request shows as a ‘>’ at the beginning of the line. (A single buffer may not have both a delete request and a display request.)

v

Immediately select this line's buffer, and also display in other windows any buffers previously marked with the m command. If you have not marked any buffers, this command is equivalent to 1.

There is also a command that affects the entire buffer list:

T

Delete, or reinsert, lines for non-file buffers. This command toggles the inclusion of such buffers in the buffer list.

What buffer-menu actually does is create and switch to a suitable buffer, and turn on Buffer Menu mode in it. Everything else described above is implemented by the special commands provided in Buffer Menu mode. One consequence of this is that you can switch from the ‘*Buffer List*’ buffer to another Emacs buffer, and edit there. You can reselect the ‘*Buffer List*’ buffer later, to perform the operations already requested, or you can kill it, or pay no further attention to it.

Normally, the buffer ‘*Buffer List*’ is not updated automatically when buffers are created and killed; its contents are just text. If you have created, deleted or renamed buffers, the way to update ‘*Buffer List*’ to show what you have done is to type g (revert-buffer). You can make this happen regularly every auto-revert-interval seconds if you enable Auto Revert mode in this buffer, as long as it is not marked modified. Global Auto Revert mode applies to the ‘*Buffer List*’ buffer only if global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers is non-nil. See global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers, for details.